منابع مشابه
Animal toxicology
As a number of reviews on different aspects of the toxicology of the PCBs have been written recently (1-4) no effort has been made in this report to give a complete outline of the animal toxicology. The material summarized in this report consists predominantly of more recently published information on toxic effects of PCBs in mammals and experimental studies in birds. Since Nelson et al. (3) di...
متن کاملAdvanced urine toxicology testing.
Urine toxicology screening testing is an important standard of care in the addiction and pain treatment setting, offering a reproducible, unbiased, and accurate laboratory test to monitor patients and provide objective support for clinical observations. It has been shown that physicians do not have proficiency in the ordering or interpretation of these tests. This article is an attempt to respo...
متن کاملTesting Times in Toxicology – In Vitro vs In Vivo Testing
“Absence of evidence is no evidence of absence” – Carl Sagan, US astronomer (1934-1996) In the context of animal toxicity testing Hartung and McBride (2011) evoked the above quote to explain the fallacies we see in live animal testing. However, for reasons unknown or maybe due to the lack of better and more humane testing strategies, animal testing was in the past and, unfortunately, continues ...
متن کاملEnvironmental Toxicology: Testing and Screening
In response to Congress, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) is preparing a study on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to evaluate the Existing Chemicals Program. The purpose of the Chemical Testing and Screening Workshop was to identify the present and future methods of screening and testing of commercial chemicals using nine specific endpoints, one being environmental toxicology (...
متن کاملIn Silico Toxicology – Non-Testing Methods
In silico toxicology in its broadest sense means "anything that we can do with a computer in toxicology." Many different types of in silico methods have been developed to characterize and predict toxic outcomes in humans and environment. The term non-testing methods denote grouping approaches, structure-activity relationship, and expert systems. These methods are already used for regulatory pur...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 2015
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/523410a